Python 2048 Game – Create 2048 Game in 3 Minutes

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2048 is a simple mathematics puzzle game. It is a really addictive game and the main operation performed in this game is addition which makes it easy for all of us.

We will develop this game using python and tkinter.

Project Prerequisites

The prerequisites are as follows:

1. Basic concepts of Python
2. Tkinter

Download Python 2048 Project Code

Please download source code of 2048 game in Python: 2048 Game Code

Creating main.py

Code:

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
import random

class Board:
    bg_color={

        '2': '#eee4da',
        '4': '#ede0c8',
        '8': '#edc850',
        '16': '#edc53f',
        '32': '#f67c5f',
        '64': '#f65e3b',
        '128': '#edcf72',
        '256': '#edcc61',
        '512': '#f2b179',
        '1024': '#f59563',
        '2048': '#edc22e',
    }
    color={
         '2': '#776e65',
        '4': '#f9f6f2',
        '8': '#f9f6f2',
        '16': '#f9f6f2',
        '32': '#f9f6f2',
        '64': '#f9f6f2',
        '128': '#f9f6f2',
        '256': '#f9f6f2',
        '512': '#776e65',
        '1024': '#f9f6f2',
        '2048': '#f9f6f2',
    }

    def __init__(self):
        self.n=4
        self.window=Tk()
        self.window.title('ProjectGurukul 2048 Game')
        self.gameArea=Frame(self.window,bg= 'azure3')
        self.board=[]
        self.gridCell=[[0]*4 for i in range(4)]
        self.compress=False
        self.merge=False
        self.moved=False
        self.score=0

        for i in range(4):
            rows=[]
            for j in range(4):
                l=Label(self.gameArea,text='',bg='azure4',
                font=('arial',22,'bold'),width=4,height=2)
                l.grid(row=i,column=j,padx=7,pady=7)

                rows.append(l);
            self.board.append(rows)
        self.gameArea.grid()

    def reverse(self):
        for ind in range(4):
            i=0
            j=3
            while(i<j):
                self.gridCell[ind][i],self.gridCell[ind][j]=self.gridCell[ind][j],self.gridCell[ind][i]
                i+=1
                j-=1

    def transpose(self):
        self.gridCell=[list(t)for t in zip(*self.gridCell)]

    def compressGrid(self):
        self.compress=False
        temp=[[0] *4 for i in range(4)]
        for i in range(4):
            cnt=0
            for j in range(4):
                if self.gridCell[i][j]!=0:
                    temp[i][cnt]=self.gridCell[i][j]
                    if cnt!=j:
                        self.compress=True
                    cnt+=1
        self.gridCell=temp

    def mergeGrid(self):
        self.merge=False
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4 - 1):
                if self.gridCell[i][j] == self.gridCell[i][j + 1] and self.gridCell[i][j] != 0:
                    self.gridCell[i][j] *= 2
                    self.gridCell[i][j + 1] = 0
                    self.score += self.gridCell[i][j]
                    self.merge = True

    def random_cell(self):
        cells=[]
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                if self.gridCell[i][j] == 0:
                    cells.append((i, j))
        curr=random.choice(cells)
        i=curr[0]
        j=curr[1]
        self.gridCell[i][j]=2
    
    def can_merge(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(3):
                if self.gridCell[i][j] == self.gridCell[i][j+1]:
                    return True
        
        for i in range(3):
            for j in range(4):
                if self.gridCell[i+1][j] == self.gridCell[i][j]:
                    return True
        return False

    def paintGrid(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                if self.gridCell[i][j]==0:
                    self.board[i][j].config(text='',bg='azure4')
                else:
                    self.board[i][j].config(text=str(self.gridCell[i][j]),
                    bg=self.bg_color.get(str(self.gridCell[i][j])),
                    fg=self.color.get(str(self.gridCell[i][j])))

class Game:
    def __init__(self,gamepanel):
        self.gamepanel=gamepanel
        self.end=False
        self.won=False

    def start(self):
        self.gamepanel.random_cell()
        self.gamepanel.random_cell()
        self.gamepanel.paintGrid()
        self.gamepanel.window.bind('<Key>', self.link_keys)
        self.gamepanel.window.mainloop()
    
    def link_keys(self,event):
        if self.end or self.won:
            return

        self.gamepanel.compress = False
        self.gamepanel.merge = False
        self.gamepanel.moved = False

        presed_key=event.keysym

        if presed_key=='Up':
            self.gamepanel.transpose()
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()
            self.gamepanel.mergeGrid()
            self.gamepanel.moved = self.gamepanel.compress or self.gamepanel.merge
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()
            self.gamepanel.transpose()

        elif presed_key=='Down':
            self.gamepanel.transpose()
            self.gamepanel.reverse()
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()
            self.gamepanel.mergeGrid()
            self.gamepanel.moved = self.gamepanel.compress or self.gamepanel.merge
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()
            self.gamepanel.reverse()
            self.gamepanel.transpose()

        elif presed_key=='Left':
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()
            self.gamepanel.mergeGrid()
            self.gamepanel.moved = self.gamepanel.compress or self.gamepanel.merge
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()

        elif presed_key=='Right':
            self.gamepanel.reverse()
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()
            self.gamepanel.mergeGrid()
            self.gamepanel.moved = self.gamepanel.compress or self.gamepanel.merge
            self.gamepanel.compressGrid()
            self.gamepanel.reverse()
        else:
            pass

        self.gamepanel.paintGrid()
        print(self.gamepanel.score)

        flag=0
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                if(self.gamepanel.gridCell[i][j]==2048):
                    flag=1
                    break

        if(flag==1): #found 2048
            self.won=True
            messagebox.showinfo('2048', message='You Wonnn!!')
            print("won")
            return

        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                if self.gamepanel.gridCell[i][j]==0:
                    flag=1
                    break

        if not (flag or self.gamepanel.can_merge()):
            self.end=True
            messagebox.showinfo('2048','Game Over!!!')
            print("Over")

        if self.gamepanel.moved:
            self.gamepanel.random_cell()
        
        self.gamepanel.paintGrid()
    

gamepanel =Board()
game2048 = Game( gamepanel)
game2048.start()

Explanation:

We have defined two classes in the code:

1. Board:

Variables:

  • Bg_color: It is a dictionary that stores background color for every cell.
  • Color: It is a dictionary that stores foreground color for every cell.
  • Window: It is the main tkinter window.
  • gameArea: It is a tkinter frame widget.
  • gridCell: It is a 4×4 integer matrix which stores the actual integer value of all the cells.
  • Board: It is a 4×4 grid of tkinter label widget which displays the value of the cell on tkinter window. It is also used to configure the background and foreground of the cell according to its gridCell value.
  • Score: It stores the current score of the player.

Rest are just flag variables.

Functions:

  • __init__(self): It is the constructor function. It initializes all the variables with appropriate default values like ‘0’ for gridCell, False for moved, merge and so on.
  • Reverse: It reverse the gridCell matrix.
  • Transpose: It uses zip function and takes transpose of the gridCell matrix.
  • CompressGrid: It moves all not empty cells to the left, so that merging can be done easily.
  • mergeGrid: It adds the gridCell value of two adjacent cells if they have same gridCell values.
  • Random_cell: It first stores all the empty cells in a list and then picks a random cell from the created list and make its gridCell value 2
  • Can_merge: It returns a boolean value denoting we can merge any two cells or not. We can merge two cells if and only if they hold the same gridCell value.
  • paintGrid: It assigns foreground and background color to each cell of the 4×4 grid corresponding to its gridCell value.

2. Game:

This class doesn’t have many variables, it only has some Boolean variables indicating game status.

Functions:

  • __init__(self): It is the constructor function. It initializes all the variables with appropriate default values.
  • start: It calls random_cell twice to assign ‘2’ to gridCell value of two random cells and then it paints the grid and after that, it calls link_keys to link up, down, left, and right keys.
  • Link_keys: First of all it checks if the game is already won or lost, and if it is, it executes a return statement without doing anything. Otherwise, it continues its execution.

Approach:

  1. For left swipe, we will just compress and then merge the gridCell matrix and then if compress or merge is true (indicating the values of the matrix is affected by previous two functions), then we need to compress the grid again.
  2. For moving up, we will take transpose then swipe left and again take transpose to return to the original order.
  3. Moving down is same as moving up but we need to reverse the matrix.
  4. Similarly, right is same as moving left+reverse.

After every operation, we need to check the game status, if all cells are occupied and we cannot even merge any two cells i.e. the state where no movement can change the matrix, then the game is over.

If any cell value has reached 2048, then the player is won and a message box is flashed on the screen announcing the winner.

2048 Game Output

2048 game

Summary

We have successfully developed popular 2048 game in python. It’s great fun to develop a game rather than playing other’s games, now we will play the game which we developed.

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2 Responses

  1. Frank Smith says:

    How does someone play this game?

  2. aakanksha says:

    how to add scoreboard in this game? plz provide source code for the scoreboard.

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